Background

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, builds objects layer by layer from a digital file, rather than cutting, molding, or casting material into shape.

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Worth Knowing

Relativity Space's Terran R rocket relies on 13 Aeon R engines for its first stage alone, each one built through additive manufacturing and rated at 269,000 pounds of thrust.

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Worth Knowing

ICON started printing Wolf Ranch with just two robotic printers in 2022, and by the project's second year had scaled up to 11 machines running around the clock, cutting print time in half.

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In June 2026, Auxilium Biotechnologies bioprinted kidney and liver tissue aboard the International Space Station, the first time either tissue type had been manufactured in orbit.

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Elliot took a brief look at the emerging technology of 3D printing and how it was changing industries from design to manufacturing to health, and in the years since, it's stopped being emerging and started being infrastructure.

Building rockets

Relativity Space builds its Terran R rocket largely from 3D-printed parts, including its engines, and is targeting the vehicle's debut launch in 2026 from Cape Canaveral. SpaceX has taken a similar approach, printing complex combustion chamber and engine parts that would be difficult to manufacture conventionally.

Building houses

Construction has embraced the technology at scale: ICON's Wolf Ranch development outside Austin, Texas, built with Lennar, is the world's largest 3D-printed home community, with around 100 houses printed. Wells Fargo began offering mortgage incentives specifically for ICON's 3D-printed homes in 2026, a sign the technology has moved from novelty to a recognised category of housing.

Building tissue

Medicine has made real, if smaller-scale, progress too. 3D-bioprinted tissue has already been used in real transplants, including a bioprinted ear built from a patient's own cartilage cells, and a bioprinted windpipe, while researchers continue working toward more complex, fully functional organs. Full organ transplants from bioprinters are still a research goal rather than a clinical reality, but pharmaceutical labs are already using printed liver and lung tissue to test new drugs.

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Written by

Rufaro